Argument Types

Just as there is a multitude of arguments, there are various argument types. Some examples of how arguments may be categorised are outlined below.

Modes of Persuasion

• Logos: An argument appealing to the use of reason. He will probably win the election, as he is the favourite in the polls.
  
• Pathos: An argument appealing to emotions or aiming to make the audience identify with it. You should go and see your grandmother, as she will not be around forever.
  
• Ethos: An argument claiming credibility through the author’s expertise, title or reputation. According to Nobel Prize winners, climate change cannot be stopped.

Types of Reasoning

• Deductive: An argument in which the premises mean that there is no possibility the argument is false. If the premises are true, so is the argument. You are a person. All people die. Therefore, you will die. .
  
• Inductive An argument in which the premises suggest the argument is true. If the premises are true it is likely, but not definite, that the argument is true. James has always had Indian for lunch on Wednesdays. Tomorrow is Wednesday. Therefore, James will have Indian for lunch.

Further resources:

• Further information on the Deductive/Inductive/Presumptive split
• More types of reasoning